Yakabudiswa · Shona

Kunyoresa Kambani muChina: Magwaro, Matanho uye Nguva

Nhungamiro inoshanda kune vekunze vanotanga bhizinesi muChina: magwaro anodiwa, matanho ekunyoresa, uye nguva inotarirwa. Ruzivo rwakajairika chete, kwete zano repamutemo kana remitero.

Kuvhura bhizinesi muChina inhanho inokosha kune vekunze vanoda kupinda mumusika wakakura uyu. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura magwaro anodiwa, matanho ekunyoresa kambani, uye nguva inogona kutarisirwa. Verenga ruzivo urwu seruzivo rwakajairika chete — haisi zano repamutemo kana remitero. Unofanira kubvunza gweta rako kana muteresi anoshanda muChina usati watora zvisarudzo.

Mhando dzekambani dzinowanzo sarudzwa nevek Kunze

Pamberi pekunyoresa, unofanira kusarudza chimiro chekambani. Mhando mbiri dzinonyanya kutaurwa nevek Kunze ndedzi:

• Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE): Kambani inopihwa muridzi mushoma nemuridzi wekunze chete, isina mubatsiri wemuno. Inobvumira kutonga kwakazara kwebhizinesi.
• Joint Venture (JV): Kambani inobatanidza muridzi wekunze nemubatsiri wemuno. Inogona kubatsira pakupinda mumisika yakati kana kuwana ruzivo rwemuno, asi kutonga kunogoverwa.
• Representative Office (RO): Hofisi isingaiti bhizinesi rekutengesa; inongoshandira kumiririra nekutsvaga ruzivo. Inogona kunge isiri nzira yekuita mari.

Kune mamwe marudzi akaita semabhizinesi akasarudzika munzvimbo dzinoshanda (free trade zones), asi izvi zvinoda ruzivo rwakadzama rwenzvimbo. Sarudzo yebhizinesi rinofanira kuenderana nezvinangwa zvako, uye gweta rinogona kubatsira kuona kuti ndeipi nzira inokodzera.

Magwaro anodiwa

Zvinodiwa zvinogona kusiyana nedunhu nekambani, asi magwaro anowanzo kutsvakwa ndeaya:

• Pasipoti yemuridzi wekunze: Inofanira kunge iri pamutemo uye inoratidza humwe hwemuridzi.
• Chiratidzo chekugara kana kushanya: Vhiza kana imwe mvumo inoratidza kuti uri muChina nguva yekunyoresa.
• Zita rekambani: Maviri kana matatu mazita ekutsvaga, anofanira kusimbiswa nechiremera chezita. Zita rinofanira kutevedzera mitemo yemuno.
• Kero yekambani: Kero chaiyo yekushanda muChina, inowanzo ratidzwa nechibvumirano chekurenda kana gwaro rehofisi.
• Chirongwa chebhizinesi: Tsananguro yezvauchaita, mari yaunoda kuisa, uye nhamba yevashandi.
• Gwaro rekubhadhara mari: Ratidzo yekuti mari yekutanga inobva kupi uye ichaiswa sei.
• Magwaro emuridzi kana mukuru: Kana kambani iri yevanhu kana masangano, magwaro ekuzivisa anodiwa.
• Chirevo chekuzvipira: Zvimwe zvikamu zvinoda chirevo chakasainwa kuti waverenga mitemo inoshanda.

Magwaro asiri muchiChinese anowanzo da kushandurirwa nechiremera chakabvumidzwa, uye dzimwe nguva anoda kuverengerwa (notarized) kana kupihwa chisimbiso chekubva kunze. Izvi zvinogona kutora nguva, saka gadzirira kare.

Matanho ekunyoresa

1. Kutsvaga nekusimbisa zita rekambani

Unofanira kuendesa mazita akasarudzwa kuchiremera chezita rekambani (market supervision administration) munzvimbo yaunoda kunyoresa. Ichi chikamu chinosimbisa kuti zita harisi kushandiswa uye chinotevera mitemo. Zita rinogona kusimbiswa kana kusarudzwa patsva kana rikasabvumidzwa.

2. Kugadzirira nekuendesa magwaro ekunyoresa

Kana zita rasimbiswa, unogadzira gwaro rekubatanidza (articles of association), chisarudzo chekugadzwa kwevakuru, uye mamwe magwaro anodiwa. Zvinhu izvi zvinoendeswa kuchiremera chenzvimbo. Chiremera chinogona kukumbira kujekeswa kana kuwedzera magwaro.

3. Kuwana rezinesi rebhizinesi

Kana magwaro abvumidzwa, unopiwa rezinesi rebhizinesi (business license). Iri ndiro gwaro rinonyanya kukosha rekambani, uye rinoratidza kuti kambani yanyoreswa zviri pamutemo.

4. Kugadzira chisimbiso nekambani nechisimbiso chemari

Kambani inoda chisimbiso chekambani, chisimbiso chemari, uye dzimwe nguva chisimbiso chekubhadhara. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nechiremera chakabvumidzwa uye zvinokosha pakusaina magwaro nemabhangi.

5. Kunyoresa mubhangi uye kuvhura account

Unofanira kuvhura account yebhangi rekambani. Bhangi rinogona kukumbira magwaro ekambani, pasipoti yevakuru, uye humbowo hwekero. Nguva yekuvhura account inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemabhangi nemapazi.

6. Kunyoresa mutero nemitero

Kambani inofanira kunyoresa kuhofisi yemitero uye kuwana chiziviso chemitero. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kambani izive mabasa ayo emitero, kusanganisira kubhadhara uye kutumira mameseji emitero.

7. Kunyoresa vashandi uye kugadzirira bhizinesi

Kana uchishandisa vashandi, unofanira kutevedzera mitemo yevashandi munharaunda. Izvi zvinosanganisira zibvumirano zvevashandi, kunyoresa kuhofisi yevashandi, uye kubhadhara mitero inodiwa.

Nguva inogona kutarisirwa

Nguva yekunyoresa kambani muChina inosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nedunhu, chimiro chekambani, uye kukwana kwemagwaro. Sezvo pasina chivimbiso chehomwe, unofanira kuronga nguva yakawanda.

• Kusimbisa zita: mazuva mashoma kusvika mavhiki maviri.
• Kugadzirira magwaro: mavhiki maviri kusvika mana, kunyanya kana magwaro ekunze achida kuverengerwa.
• Kunyoresa uye kuwana rezinesi: mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu, zvichienderana nedunhu.
• Kuvhura account yebhangi: mavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu.
• Kunyoresa mutero: mazuva mashoma kusvika mavhiki maviri.

Mukuwedzera, kana uchida kunyoresa kambani mune imwe nzvimbo inoshanda (free trade zone) kana kuita bhizinesi rinoda mvumo yakakosha, nguva inogona kuwedzera. Zvinhu zvakaita sekunonoka kwechiremera, kusakwana kwemagwaro, kana kusiyana kwemitemo yedunhu zvinogona kukanganisa nguva.

Mazano ekugadzirira

• Sarudza dunhu kare: Mitemo yedunhu inogona kusiyana, uye kero yekambani inokosha.
• Isa mari inokwana: Kambani inoda mari yekutanga uye inofanira kuratidza kuti inobva kupi.
• Gadzirira magwaro ekunze: Kana magwaro achibva kunze, tarisira kuverengerwa uye kushandurirwa.
• Shandisa gweta kana mubatsiri wemuno: Vanogona kubatsira kuongorora magwaro uye kutevera matanho.
• Usavimba nechivimbiso: Nguva dzinogona kuchinja; gadzirira nguva yakawanda.

Kunyoresa kambani muChina kunoda kurongeka uye kuongorora mitemo. Gwaro iri rinopa ruzivo rwakajairika chete uye harisi zano repamutemo kana remitero. Unofanira kubvunza nyanzvi dzinoshanda muChina kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanangana nemamiriro ako.