Yakabudiswa · Shona

Kusarudza Sangano Rakakodzera Kuti Ukwanise Kuvhura Kambani MuChina

Nhungamiro inoshanda kune vatangi vekunze vanoda kuvhura kambani mu mainland China: kusiyanisa WFOE, joint venture, uye representative office, nekutarisa mitero, mari, uye zvinodiwa nemutemo. Ruzivo rwakajairika, kwete zano repamutemo kana remitero.

Kuvhura kambani muChina inhanho huru kune vatangi vekunze. Imwe yesarudzo dzinonyanya kukosha ndeye kusarudza chimiro chesangano (entity) chichashandiswa. Sarudzo iyi inokanganisa kutonga kwebhizimusi, mutero, mhosva, uye kuti unobuda sei nemari. Chinyorwa ichi chinopa ruzivo rwakajairika, kwete zano repamutemo kana remitero. Wana zano kubva kune gweta rinoshanda muChina uye nenyanzvi dzemitero usati wasarudza.

Zviripo Zvisarudzo Zvikuru

Vatangi vekunze vanowanzosarudza pakati pemhando nhatu dzesangano: kambani inozvimiririra (WFOE), mubatanidzwa webhizimusi (joint venture), uye hofisi inomiririra (representative office). Imwe neimwe ine zvinodiwa, mikana, uye zvinogumira zvayo.

1. Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE)

WFOE ikambani inopihwa mvumo yekunze inopihwa muridzi mumwechete wekune dzimwe nyika, isina mugovani wemuno. Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa nevazhinji vanoda kutonga bhizimusi ravo vega. Inobvumira kambani kuita bhizimusi, kusaina makondirakiti, kuunganidza mari, uye kuumba vashandi.

• Kutonga: Muridzi wekune dzimwe nyika anotonga zviitiko zvese.
• Kushanda: Inogona kushanda muzvinhu zvakawanda, zvichienderana nemvumo yebhizimusi (business scope) yayakapihwa.
• Mitero: Inobhadhara mutero wemhindu yekambani (corporate income tax) pamwe nemimwe mitero inoshanda.
• Mari inotumirwa kunze: Pashure pokubhadhara mitero nemimwe mhosva, purofiti inogona kutamiswa kunze zvichienderana nemitemo yekutengeserana nemari yekunze.
• Zvinogumira: Kunyoresa kunotora nguva, kunoda mari yekutanga, uye kunoda kuzvipira kwevashandi nemashandisirwo emari.

WFOE inokodzera vatangi vanoda kutonga kwakazara uye vane bhizimusi rakajeka, rakadai sekutengesa zvinhu, kupa mabasa, kana kugadzira.

2. Joint Venture (JV)

Joint venture isangano rinoumbwa pamwe chete nemugovani wekune dzimwe nyika uye mugovani wemuno (kazhinji kambani yeChinese). Mugovani mumwe nemumwe anobatsira nemari, hunyanzvi, kana zviwanikwa. JV inogona kuva yakanaka kana uchida munhu wemuno anoziva musika, network, uye hurongwa hwemuno.

• Kutonga: Kunogovana pakati pevagogi; zvinoda chibvumirano chakajeka pamusoro pekutonga nekugadzirisa kusawirirana.
• Kubatsira: Mugovani wemuno anogona kupa ruzivo rwemusika, vashandi, uye hukama hwemabhizimusi.
• Zvinogumira: Kusawirirana kwevagogi ndicho chinetso chikuru. Zvinoda chibvumirano chakasimba, hurongwa hwekubuda, uye kujekesa mabasa.
• Mitero: Inobhadhara mutero wemhindu yekambani; kugoverana purofiti kunogona kuva nemitero yakasiyana.

JV inokodzera kana uchida kupinda mumusika une mitemo inoda mugovani wemuno, kana kana uchida kushandisa hukama hwemuno. Asi isarudze JV chete nokuda kwekuti inonzi inodiwa; tarisa kuti unoda here kugovana kutonga uye purofiti.

3. Representative Office (RO)

Representative office ihofisi isingakwanisi kuita bhizimusi rekutengesa kana kuunganidza mari. Inogona kuita mabasa ekutsvaga ruzivo, kutarisa musika, uye kubatanidza hukama. RO haigoni kusaina makondirakiti ekutengesa kana kubhadhara vashandi zviri pamutemo pasina kambani inozvimiririra.

• Kushanda: Inongova yekumiririra uye yekutsvaga ruzivo.
• Mitero: Inowanzobhadhara mitero yakasiyana uye inogona kusabvumirwa kutamisa purofiti nokuti haipfuuri purofiti.
• Zvinogumira: Haigoni kuita bhizimusi chaiwo; inoda kambani yekunze inotsigira.

RO inokodzera kana uri kungoongorora musika usati waisa mari huru, kana kana uchida hofisi yekubatanidza chete.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvekufunga

Mvumo yebhizimusi (Business Scope)

MuChina, kambani inofanira kunyoresa mabasa ainoita. Mamwe mabasa anoda mvumo yakakosha kana rezinesi. Sarudzo yesangano inofanira kuenderana nemabasa aunoda kuita. Kana wakasarudza WFOE, iva nechokwadi kuti business scope inosanganisira zviitiko zvako.

Mari yekutanga nemari inodiwa

Mhando yesangano inokanganisa kuti unoda mari yakawanda sei uye kuti inofanira kuiswa sei. WFOE inowanzoda mari yekutanga inoenderana nebhizimusi; JV inoda kubvumirana pamari yemugovani mumwe nemumwe; RO inoda mari yekushandisa. Usavimba nenhamba dzinobva pane imwe nzvimbo; tarisa nemutemo wazvino uye nezvinodiwa zvemuno.

Mutero nekuchengeta mabhuku

Mitero inosiyana nemhando yesangano, mabasa, uye nzvimbo. Zvinhu zvakadai semutero wemhindu, VAT, uye mitero yevashandi zvinoda kunyatsonzwisiswa. Kuchengeta mabhuku kwakarurama hakusi sarudzo—kunodiwa. Shandisa vanhu vanoziva mutemo wemitero weChina.

Kubuda nemari kunze

Kana uri kufunga nezvekutamisa purofiti kunze, tarisa mitemo yekutengeserana nemari yekunze uye zvinodiwa zveguta rako. WFOE neJV zvinogona kubvumirwa kutamisa purofiti mushure mekubhadhara mitero; RO haina purofiti yekutamisa. Ichi chikamu chinoda kurongwa nyanzvi.

Kutonga uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana

WFOE inopa kutonga kwakazara asi kunoda vashandi vanokwanisa. JV inoda chibvumirano chakasimba pamusoro pekutonga, kuvhota, kugovera purofiti, uye nzira yekubuda. Usanyora chibvumirano cheJV usinganzwisisi zvinoreva zvaro.

Maitiro Ekusarudza

Tangira nekuongorora bhizimusi rako: uchaita chii muChina? Uchagadzira here, uchauraya here, kana kupa mabasa? Unoda kutonga kwakazara here? Unoda mugovani wemuno here? Unoda kutamisa purofiti here? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinoratidza sangano rakakodzera.

Zvadzo, tarisa zvinodiwa zvemuno neguta raunoda kushanda. Mamwe maguta ane mitemo yekunyoresa uye yekushandisa yakasiyana. Shandisa nyanzvi dzemutemo nemitero dzemuno kuti dziongorore pfungwa dzako uye kuti dzikubatsire kunyoresa nemazvo.

Mhedziso

Hapana sangano rakanakira vose. WFOE inopa kutonga kwakazara uye inokodzera vanoda kuita bhizimusi chaiwo; JV inogona kubatsira kana uchida mugovani wemuno asi inoda chibvumirano chakasimba; RO inokodzera kutsvaga ruzivo chete. Sarudzo inofanira kuenderana nebhizimusi rako, mari yaunoda kuisa, uye kugadzirira kwako kwekutonga. Ruzivo urwu ndirwo rwakajairika, kwete zano repamutemo kana remitero. Taura negweta rinoshanda muChina neanonyatsoziva mitero usati waita sarudzo.